A Dictionary of Occupational Terms Based on the Classification of Occupations used in the Census of Population, 1921.

ORDER XII.—TEXTILE WORKERS

Sub-order 1.—Textile Workers

363.—Card, Comb, and Frame Tenters (not Ring or Cap Frames); Box Minders

*For carder (male) in sense of carding master—so used regularly in cotton trade, and occasionally in other textile industries i>see Code No. 353.

back end minder: see card minder (wool).
backwasher, backwasher minder, backwasher tenter, backwash minder: passes wool slivers through back-washing machine, which reconditions them, by addition of oil, cleanses them, and improves their colour.
balling finisher minder: see finisher (wool combing).
baller, balling head minder, balling machine minder (wool combing): makes up comber wool into balls, or tops, in readiness for spinning; attends to balling head of a gill box; stationed at back of machine, removes sliver when formed into a ball in gill box; carries balls to next machine, e.g., drawing frame; sometimes specifically designated, e.g. sliver bailer (jute).
balling punch minder: see puncher.
ball machine minder (jute): as for bailer; attends machine which winds sliver (from breaker card) into cheese-shaped balls, ready for running into finisher cards.
ball maker for combs: see puncher.
bank minder (Scotland) ; bank watcher (woollen carding): watches second or third machine in series of wool carding machines; reports faulty work to carding engineer (353); oils machine and keeps it clean.
bank watcher: (i) (cotton) places cotton waste in hopper of bank machine, which weighs it and discharges it automatically on to travelling lattices of carding engines in preparation for spinning;; (ii) (woollen), see bank minder.
between-drawings attendant ; double drawing hand: attends to delivery end of one drawing frame and feeding end of another; breaks off sliver as can becomes full; carries can to feeding end of second machine and passes end of sliver through guides.
big tenter: is principal attendant on a frame or machine, where more than one is employed; starts and stops machine; assisted by little tenter (399) q.v. mends or pieces broken rovings; creels bobbins, oils machine and keeps it clean by removing pieces of flax; takes away full bobbins; a general term, covering jack tenter, slub frame tenter, fly frame tenter, etc.
billy tenter: attends to front of finisher or condenser carding engine, taking off condenser bobbins, and conveying them to mule spinning frame; cf. billy tenter (365).
bobbin and fly frame tenter: see fly frame tenter.
box and Derby tenter (cotton waste): is employed in waste spinning mills, as attendant both on draw box (in draw frame) and on Derby doubler; mends slivers on draw frame when broken in drawing process, and feeds doubler with these slivers, which are combined therein to form a lap.
box minder (wool combing) ; box tenter (wool combing): watches one of a series of machines, called boxes, used in combing wool, or in preparatory processes, either a strong box, a preparing box, or a gill box; reports faulty work, bent pins, variations in speed, etc. to comber overlooker (353); sometimes specifically designated, e.g. preparing box minder.
box tenter (cotton): (i) card box tenter; attends to back part of carding engine, i.e., box part, between doffer and coder, cleaning it, and keeping it clear of fly (waste fibre thrown off in carding) and grease;; (ii) see draw frame tenter.
box tenter, card: (i) see box tenter (cotton);; (ii) attends to delivery of sliver from cards, and to feeding of first set of draw frames or draw boxes therewith; breaks off sliver as can becomes full and inserts end of sliver in guide of draw frame.
box tenter, intermediate (draw frames); intermediate draw box tenter: a draw frame tenter q.v. minding second of series of draw frames or draw boxes.
box tenter, intermediate (fly frames): removes empty bobbins from boxes at back of intermediate frame, second in series of fly frame or speed frame machines, and supplies full bobbins, to be inserted in frame by creeler (399) q.v.
box tenter (wool combing): see box minder (wool combing).
breaker, can: see breaker-off (cotton).
breaker feeder: card end boy, carder, card ender, card feeder (jute), card hand, feeder; takes batched jute from barrows (in which it has been allowed to stand, still retaining oil from softening process, to condition), or takes from dollop weigher (399) q.v., where weight of roving is governed from output of breaker card; spreads jute upon feed apron of carding machine and, when feeding weighed dollops, watches weight indicator to regulate amount fed.
breaker-off (cotton) ; can breaker: can breakera card tenter (cotton) q.v., who breaks off sliver from card at delivery end of carding engine, when sliver-can is full, and starts fresh can.
breaker-off, breaker-up (wool combing), lap breaker-off ; wool taker-off: sees to removal and transference of wool from one preparing box to another; when sufficient sliver is wound round roller in box, breaks-off sliver and transfers to another box.
buncher: see drawer, hair.
can box minder (wool combing) ; can minder: attends any one of several machines which deliver sliver into a can or draw it therefrom, i.e., backwashers, strong boxes, first gill boxes, finisher boxes, or combing machines; replaces, at front of machine, empty cans with full ones, and, at back, substitutes empty cans for full ones, breaking off sliver as can becomes full.
can finishing minder: see gill box minder.
can minder: see can box minder.
can tenter: see card tenter (cotton).
card and drawing hand (jute): attends feed of first drawing frame; also takes cans of sliver from finisher carding machine, and places them at feed side of drawing machine, when this is not done by can filler (399) q.v.
card attendant: see card minder (flax and hemp).
card end boy, card ender (flax, hemp and jute): (i) see breaker feeder;; (ii) (more usual) see finisher card ender.
*carder, asbestos: attends to delivery end of machine in which asbestos is carded i.e. fibres are opened out and arranged approximately parallel, knots and foreign matter being removed; watches machine for proper working; breaks off sliver as can becomes full and places end in empty can.
*carder (female): (i) (cotton) see card tenter;; (ii) (wool) see card minder.
*carder, fibre ; husk millhand: supplies carding, or opening out machine, with matted fibre obtained from husks of coco-nuts, and watches machine during carding process; keeps working parts clear of grease and waste fibre.
*carder (flax and hemp): (i) see card minder;; (ii) in Dundee and Belfast, sometimes used in sense of carder (353) q.v.
*carder, hair: (i) see carder feeder (felt);; (ii) see carder (hand, hair curling); sometimes specifically designated, e.g., horse hair carder.
*carder (hand, hair curling) ; hair carder: hackles or combs curled hair after it has been opened by opener (362) q.v., and passes it over a card of finely set wire teeth, which loosens or teases out hair into individual strands; (machine hair curling), see teaser, hair.
*carder (jute): see breaker feeder.
*carder, rolling: see card minder (wool).
*carder, tow: see first card hand.
*carder (wool), wool carder: (i) a woman or girl employed as a card minder q.v.;; (ii) in a felt hat factory, combines duties of card feeder card minder, grinder (364) and stripper (364) q.v.
carder feeder (felt) ; feeder (felt), hair carder, scribbler (felt): spreads wool or hair evenly over brattice, or frame, of carding machine; and lifts off brat or lap as it is formed on machine.
carder feeder (wool): see card feeder (wool).
card feeder (cotton): see lap feeder (on cards).
card feeder (jute): see breaker feeder.
card feeder, card filler (wool) ; carder feeder (wool), engine feeder, feed box minder (Scottish), feeder (wool), layer-on, ligger-on, scribble filler, scribbler feeder, scribbling feeder, server (wool), woollen feeder: puts blended wool into automatic hopper feed, or, more rarely, spreads it on lattice feed, of carding engine set, which combines processes of scribbling (coarse carding), carding (opening out strands, arranging them parallel and extracting foreign matter) and condensing (lap into sliver).
card front tenter (cotton): places cotton lap on feed roller, and guides it into carding engine; sees that lap is in proper condition as it enters machine.
card hand (flax, hemp and jute): (i) see finisher card ender;; (ii) see breaker feeder.
carding engine attendant: general term for any worker attending to carding engine, e.g., feeding it with laps or removing slivers therefrom; includes carder feeder, lap feeder, card minder q.v.
carding engine condenser feeder: a card feeder (wooI) q.v. who lays lap on feed roller of condensing engine; usually done automatically.
carding engine tenter: see card minder (wool).
carding machine attendant (bedding): passes flock into carding machine; takes it out when it is carded, and puts it into mattress cases.
carding minder: see card minder (wool).
card minder (flax and hemp) ; card attendant, carder: (i) card attendant, carder; watches proper working of carding machine, which converts tow into sliver; breaks sliver at delivery end as cans become full;; (ii) (jute) see finisher card ender.
card minder (wool) ; back end minder, carder (female), card tenter (wool), carding minder, carding engine tenter, condenser minder (wool), engine head tenter, machine minder, minder, rolling carder, (scribbler wool): watches machine which performs combined processes of scribbling, carding, and condensing wool (see card feeder); is stationed at back of machine; guides sliver ends into cans or on to bobbins, breaks sliver and removes filled bobbins or cans and replaces with empty ones.
card tenter (cotton) ; carder (female) (cotton), can tenter, engine head tenter: attends to doffer or delivery end of carding engine, mending slivers broken in carding, and removing cans full of sliver.
card tenter (wool): see card minder (wool).
comber, brush fibre: see hackler, brush fibre.
comber (cotton) ; comb minder, comber tenter: operates combing machine, which combs out short fibres in preparation of fine cotton yarns; guides cotton laps on to rollers, starts machine, receives combed cotton, in form of slivers, in boxes or cans, and removes cans as they are filled.
comber, comb minder (ramie): puts up cans of gilled sliver at back of combing machine, which combines eight or more slivers into one, and renders fibres more nearly parallel; takes away cans of sliver at delivery end, after combing, in readiness for next process; keeps working parts of combing machine free from fly or waste.
comber (silk): see dresser (silk).
comber (wool), wool comber: (i) general terms for any person employed in wool combing department;; (ii) comb minder, comb tenter, comber tenter, combing finisher, combing machine minder; minds combing machine, which separates short fibres of wool (noils) from long fibres (tops).
comber tenter: (i) see comber (cotton);; (ii) see comber (wool).
combing finisher: see comber (wool).
combing machine attendant (flax and hemp): tends combing machine, which doubles, attenuates, and further straightens sliver, as received from tow carding process, in preparation for further processes of drawing and preparing; breaks off sliver as cans become full at delivery end; feeds end of sliver into guides at feed end; reports faulty work to preparing master (353) q.v. combing machine minder, see comber (wool).
comb minder: (i) (silk) feeds with silk waste, machine for combing short fibre silk waste, after carding;; (ii) (other textiles) see comber (cotton), comber (wool), comber (ramie).
comb tenter: see comber (wool).
condenser, condenser minder, condenser tenter (silk): attends a machine which combines several silk slubbings into one; feeds ends of slubbings into guides at feed end; breaks off slubbing as can becomes full at delivery end.
condenser feeder: as for card feeder.
condenser minder (flax and hemp): feeds and controls condensing machine, or finisher card, a final carding machine used in preparation for spinning of tow, waste flax, and hemp; as for card minder (flax and hemp).
condenser minder (wool): see card minder (wool).
dandy minder, dandy tenter: see rover, dandy.
Derby tenter, Derby minder: Derby doubler, doubling tenter, lap piecer, lap tenter (cotton), sliver tapper, sliver lap tenter, sliver tenter; watches Derby doubling or sliver lap machine, which unites several slivers into a sheet, and winds them on a cylinder; feeds ends of slivers into guides at feed end; removes lap rollers at delivery end.
dodger, can ; can taker-out: removes full sliver cans from machines, and substitutes empty ones.
doubler, Derby: see Derby tenter.
doubler, sliver doubler (flax, hemp): attends special drawing frame for doubling, i.e. combining two or more slivers, and drawing them out into one more even sliver in preparation for spinning; feeds ends of sliver into guides and breaks off sliver at delivery end as cans become full.
doubling tenter: see Derby tenter.
draw box minder, draw box tenter: see draw frame tenter.
drawer, botany: a drawer (wool combing) q.v. engaged in drawing botany wool, fine quality wool used in worsted trade.
drawer (cotton): see draw frame tenter.
drawer (flax and hemp) ; drawing frame attendant, drawing frame minder: minds a drawing frame which evens and attenuates sliver; passes slivers into feeding rollers, and watches delivery of drawn slivers into sliver cans.
drawer, hair ; buncher, drawing hand (hair): secures a bunch of hair, after it has been hackled, between folding boards, like covers of a book; draws it over finely set wire teeth, called cards, to remove short lengths of hair; draws out hairs of approximately equal length, either by above method or by drawing hair between thumb and a rough razor, and makes them up into lots, which he ties tightly into bunches; also sorts hair into grades, according to fineness, soundness, and colour; often also acts as hackler (362) q.v. before drawing.
drawer, horsehair: as for drawer, hair.
drawer, long wool: as for drawer (wool combing).
drawer, set drawer (silk spinning) ; drawing box minder (silk), draining box tenter, drawing tenter, redrawer: minds machine which combines several slivers and draws or attenuates them into one spun silk sliver; as for draw frame tenter (cotton).
drawer (wool combing) ; drawing box minder, drawing box tenter, reducer, reducer minder, reducing box minder, slubber, slubbing frame tenter, slub frame tenter: minds machine, called a drawing or reducing box, which attenuates combed and prepared wool to thickness and weight required for roving frame; watches to ensure that there is continuous flow of wool passing through machine; joins-up broken sliver, loose rope of fibre, first stopping machine i'f necessary.
draw frame tenter (cotton) ; box tenter, drawer (cotton), draw tenter, drawing tenter, drawing frame tenter, draw' box tenter, draw box minder, drawing box minder, drawing box tenter, drawing frame attendant, drawing frame minder: feeds into guides of 'machine, called a draw or drawing frame, or draw box, ends of cotton slivers; mends slivers broken in process of combining and drawing out the slivers; attends to draft rollers and clearers of drawing frame, keeping them clear of loose particles.
draw frame tenter, front: see front minder (cotton draw frames).
drawing box minder, drawing box tenter: see draw frame tenter (cotton), drawer (silk spinning), or drawer (wool combing).
drawing ender (jute). ; front of drawing hand: stands at front of machine which draws out and attenuates jute and delivers it in form of sliver; sees that sliver issues evenly into sliver cans; replaces cans, as they become filled, with empty ones.
drawing ender (wool combing): stands at back of drawing frame, and unites ends of sliver, and passes them in to feed rollers of frame.
drawing feeder ; feeder (jute): keeps drawing machine supplied with full cans of sliver, and removes empty cans.
drawing frame attendant, drawing frame minder: (i) see drawer (flax and hemp;; (ii) see draw frame tenter (cotton).
drawing hand, double: see between-drawings attendant.
drawing hand (hair): see drawer, hair.
drawing hand (rope and twine): as for drawer (flax and hemp).
drawing hand (wool combing): general term for any person employed in drawing department of a wool combing establishment.
drawing hand (other textile materials): see drawer (under appropriate sub-heading, according to material); (jute) as for card and drawing band; for subsequent drawings,as for drawer (flax and hemp), drawing machine minder, see drawer (under appropriate beading, according to material).
drawing tenter, draw tenter, drawing frame tenter (cotton): see draw frame tenter.
drawing tenter (silk): see drawer (silk spinning).
dresser, flat ; fiat dressing machine minder: a dresser (silk) q.v. who minds a flat dressing machine, requiring hand setting, as distinguished from patent dresser q.v.
dresser, hair: is capable of treating horsehair and other similar hair from first to final stage; is usually a hair drawer q.v.; sometimes specifically designated, e.g. horse hair dresser.
dresser, joiner framer ; joiner: is one of a pair of silk dressers q.v. who are jointly responsible for working of two dressing frames, who share wages jointly earned after paying wages of filler q.v., and who also do work of dresser's assistant q.v.
dresser, line: dresses line or flax, a stage in manufacture of linen; for processes, see dresser, machine.
dresser, Manilla: clamps undressed fibres of Manilla hemp between folding boards, and combs out short protruding fibres; reverses fibres in boards, and repeats combing process.
dresser, patent ; patent dressing machine minder: dresses, i.e. removes nibs and noils or short lengths from spun silk on a machine which, unlike ordinary flat dressing machine, is automatic, and does not require to be set by dressers.
dresser (silk), frame dresser, silk dresser ; comber (silk), framer: directs dresser's assistant and filler q.v. in opening-out degummed silk waste and placing it between inboards; sets a number of such boards in one of a series of dressing frames with protruding fringe uppermost, and removes short and ungripped fibres by bringing into contact with revolving steel comb; reverses fringe and repeats process; usually a flat dresser q.v.; sometimes specifically designated, e.g. first framer dresser, second framer dresser, third framer dresser (according to position of dressing frame in series), machine dresser, noiler framer dresser, short framer dresser (short lengths of silk fibre.
dresser, waste (silk): as for dresser (silk).
dresser's assistant ; filler, filler boy, dresser's filler, filler of shute: fills, turns, and empties in-boards, i.e., folding book-boards, used by silk dresser q.v. in factories where dressing process is sectionalised.
engine feeder: see card feeder (wool).
engine head tenter: (i) see card minder (wool);; (ii) see card tenter ( cotton).
feed box minder: (Scottish term) see card feeder (wool).
feeder, machine feeder: general terms for any worker engaged on a card, com b, gill box, back washer, or scouring machine; includes backwasher minder, breaker feeder, card feeder, condenser minder, draw frame tenter, finisher card ender, gill box feeder, lap feeder, gill rover, rover, scribbler feeder, spreader q.v.
feeder (felt): see carder feeder (felt).
feeder (flax and hemp): (i) feeds travelling band apron of breaker card with tow;; (ii) feeds drawing or roving frame with sliver.
feeder (flax waste): as for condenser minder (flax and hemp).
feeder (jute): (i) see breaker feeder (jute);; (ii) see drawing feeder.
feeder (wool): (i) (felt making) see wool feeder;; (ii) (wool carding) seecard feeder.
filler, filler boy, dresser's filler: (i) see dresser's assistant;; (ii) attends filling engine, which opens-up degummed silk waste for in-boards of dressing frame; puts silk on feed sheet, or creeper, and afterwards takes it from engine combs, cf. dresser (silk spinning), dresser's assistant.
filler of shute: see dresser's assistant.
finisher card ender, finisher card minder ; card end boy, card ender, card hand card minder: feeds, by hand, two finisher card machines with balls or bands of sliver received from breaker card machine.
finisher (wool combing), finishing box minder, finishing gill box minder ; balling finisher minder, giller and finisher: minds a finisher gill box, which delivers tops in condition ready for spinner; feeds machine with sliver, i.e., loose rope of fibre, and removes as delivered from machine.
finishing box tenter: (i) a draw frame tenter q.v. who minds third, and final, set in series of drawing frames;; (ii) minds back (box) portion of breaker and finisher carding engines in cotton waste card rooms.
first bobbin and fly frame tenter ; slubber, slubbing frame tenter, stubbing tenter, slub tenter: a fly frame tenter q.v. . who minds slubbing frame, first in series of fly frame or speed frame machines.
first card hand (rope and twine) ; tow carder: minds first in series of carding engines; passes hemp or tow into feed rollers, and controls power-drive of machine.
flat dressing machine minder: see dresser, flat.
fly (flyer) frame tenter, fly (flyer) tenter ; bobbin and fly frame tenter, speed frame tenter, speed tenter: general terms for a woman or girl minding a fly, flyer, or speed frame, which by action of flyers attenuates and twists cotton and winds it on to bobbins; inserts bobbins containing cotton, mends threads broken in drawing process, and takes away bobbins full of twisted cotton.
fourth bobbin and fly frame tenter ; jack tenter, jack frame tenter: a fly frame tenter q.v. who minds jack frame, fourth, and last, in series, of fly frame machines.
framer: see dresser (silk spinning) ; sometimes specifically designated according to dressing frame in series, e.g. first framer, second framer, third framer.
frame tenter: general term for any operative minding a machine, called a frame, used for attenuating, i.e. drawing, textile materials, including fly (flyer) or speed frames, draw frames, etc.; includes big tenter, draw frame tenter, silk dresser, finishing box tenter, fly frame tenter, intermediate frame tenter, rover q.v.
front minder, front tenter (cotton draw frames) ; front draw frame tenter: pushes cotton sliver, as it issues from first drawing process, into sliver can.
front minder (jute): front of roving attendant (jute), rover, front rover; stands at front of jute roving machine, and mends threads broken in roving process by splicing, i.e., wrapping together, ends; starts and stops machine, as necessary, by hand lever; is assisted by shifter (jute preparing) q.v.
front of drawing hand (jute): see drawing ender (jute).
front of roving attendant (jute): see front minder (jute).
gill boxer, gill box feeder ; giller, gilling machine minder (silk): general terms for an operative minding any machine furnished with gills, and used in dressing or preparing silk, e.g., a spreading, roving or setting frame, cf. spreader (silk), gill, rover; set box minder (silk).
gill box feeder (other materials): see giller (not silk).
gill box minder, gill drawer ; can finishing minder, gill tenter: minds a gill box, which treats several wool tops collectively in such a way as to produce a sliver of uniform weight and density, in preparation for drawing process; feeds ends of sliver from top into guides of machine, joins up broken slivers and generally watches proper working of machine.
giller, gilling machine minder (silk): see gill boxer.
giller (not silk) ; gill box feeder: keeps gilling machine (which unites several slivers into one, for greater uniformity of substance) supplied with sliver in sliver cans.
giller and finisher: see finisher.
gill tenter: see gill box. minder.
hackler, brush fibre ; brush fibre comber: hackles and combs coco-nut fibre, by hand; draws a handful of fibre across pins of a series of hackles and combs to remove short and irregular fibres, and to straighten out and level the ends of longer fibres.
hopper feeder, hopper minder: places material in hopper of carding, drawing, or other machine.
husk mill hand: see carder, fibre.
inter frame tenter, intermediate frame tenter, intermediate tenter ; intermediate machine minder, inter tenter, second bobbin and fly frame tenter: a fly frame tenter q.v. who minds intermediate frame, i.e. second in series of fly (flyer) or speed frames.
intermediate machine minder: (i) (cotton) see inter frame tenter;; (ii) (wool) minds intermediate carding machine between scribbler and condenser; pieces up broken rovings; oils machine and keeps it clean of flax.
inter tenter: see inter frame tenter.
jack tenter, jack frame tenter: see fourth bobbin and fly frame tenter.
jigger: a strong box minder q.v. in charge of first, or preliminary, combing machine, after passing through which wool is usually dyed and then re-combed.
joiner: see dresser, joiner framer.
joiner tenter: is one of a pair of operatives who share work of minding draw frames, flyer frames, or other machines, and divide their joint earnings equally or in agreed proportions.
lap feeder (on cards) ; card feeder (cotton): places cotton lap from scutching machine on feeding end of carding machine.
lapper, lap framer: see spreader (silk).
lap piecer: (i) see Derby tenter;; (ii) connects new lap with end of old lap, already in machine.
lap tenter (cotton): see Derby tenter.
lap tenter, ribbon: see ribbon tenter.
lap tenter (silk): see spreader (silk).
lap tenter (wool): takes lap from carding engine, and either folds it or guides it on to winding beam; carries wound or folded lap to next machine in order of process.
lattice feeder: puts material on lattice feed attachment of any machine.
layer: see spreader (flax) ; cf. layer (365).
layer-on, ligger-on: see card feeder (wool).
machine minder: see card minder (wool).
maker-up, wool maker-up: keeps carding and preparing machines supplied with wool.
minder (carding): see card minder (wool).
patent dressing machine minder: see dresser, patent.
preparer, preparing hand (flax, hemp, jute): general terms for worker tending any machine which prepares fibre for spinning, including spreader, drawer, rover, q.v.; cf. preparer (362).
preparer, line: as for preparer (flax, hemp, jute).
preparer, preparing machine minder (silk): places long-fibred silk waste in position at back of preparing machine, and passes it between rollers, from which it is automatically taken through machine and wound upon an endless apron.
puncher ; balling punch minder, ball maker for combs, punch minder, punch winder, punch box minder (wool combing): punches or balls wool slivers, from first gill box, after backwashing process, by coiling or rolling them on a special punch box, in preparation for combing.
punch minder, punch box minder: see puncher.
re-drawer: see drawer (silk spinning).
reducer, reducer minder, reducing box minder: see drawer (wool combi rig).
relapper: takes silk after it has been formed into a lap by spreader q.v., and passes it through another machine, similar to spreading machine, called a re-lapping box, to level up lap.
ribbon tenter ; ribbon lap tenter: guides cotton between rollers of ribbon lap machine, which produces uniform lap for combing machine; starts machine, using pressure rod for making first turn of lap.
rover, asbestos: guides asbestos fibre through roving frame, which twists and attenuates it in preparation for spinning; attaches it to roving bobbins; controls power-drive of machine, and mends fibres broken in roving process.
rover (cotton) ; rover tenter, roving tenter, roving frame tenter (cotton), small speed tenter, third bobbin and fly frame tenter: a fly frame tenter q.v. who minds roving frame, being third in series of fly frame or speed frame machines.
rover, dandy ; dandy minder, dandy tenter, first framer, first framer dresser, rover (silk): minds dandy roving frame, which further attenuates and twists slubbing from gill roving frame, and winds resulting rovings on to bobbins; places bobbins on rover; feeds machine and takes off full bobbins.
rover (flax and hemp): minds a roving machine, which twists and attenuates line or tow in readiness for spinning process.
rover, gill ; rover (silk): feeds gill roving frame with sliver from drawing boxes which is converted into slubbing by further attenuating it and imparting some twist thereto; winds slubbing on to bobbins, ready for dandy rover q.v.
rover, front rover (jute): see front minder (jute).
rover (silk): (i) see rover, dandy;; (ii) see rover, gill.
rover (wool) ; rover minder, rover tenter, roving tenter, roving box minder (wool), sliver minder, sliverer (wool): minds roving frame, last in drawing series, immediately preceding spinning, which advances wool to condition of roving, or loosely twisted cord of wool; inserts full bobbins, from drawer (wool combing) q.v., into frame; guides sliver end through machine and attaches to roving bobbin; starts-up and stops frame as necessary; mends broken roving ends; doffs full roving bobbins and replaces with empty.
rover minder, rover tenter, roving minder, roving box minder, roving frame minder, roving tenter, roving frame tenter: see rover, according to material.
run-over box minder: see set box minder.
scribble filler, scribbler, scribbler feeder, scribbling feeder: a card feeder (wool) q.v. who spreads wool lattice of scribbling machine, the first of a series of three carding machines.
second bobbin and fly frame tenter: see inter frame tenter.
server (wool): see card feeder (wool) ; cf. server (silk) (399).
set box minder (silk) ; run-over box minder: minds set or run-over box, which converts lap, after passing through spreading and re-lapping boxes, into a sliver.
shifter (jute preparing), rove shifter: replaces full bobbins by empty ones on carriage of roving machine and gives ends of rove a twist round bobbin.
sliver breaker: a card tenter or can tenter q.v. who breaks off sliver from carding engines or drawing frames when sliver can is full; removes sliver can and starts fresh can; cf. can boy (399).
sliverer: see rover (wool).
sliver lapper, sliver lap tenter: see Derby tenter.
sliver minder (wool combing): see rover (wood).
sliver tenter: see Derby tenter.
slubber, slub tenter, slubbing tenter, slubbing frame tenter (cotton): see first bobbin and fly frame tenter.
slubber, slub frame tenter, slubbing frame tenter (wool combing): see drawer (wool combing).
small speed tenter: see rover (cotton).
sorter, horse hair: as for carder, hair.
spare tenter: a fly frame tenter q.v., able to take place of any fly frame tenter absent through sickness, & c.
speed tenter, speed frame tenter: see fly frame tenter.
spindle box minder, spindle gill box minder: a gill box minder q.v. in charge of a spindle gill box, which, besides drawing, winds wool upon bobbins.
spreadboard attendant: see spreader (flax and hemp).
spreader (cotton): (i) lays several laps formed from different kinds of waste taken from bobbins, on lattice of blending machine in process of making blend, or "mixing " of cotton waste;; (ii) spreads cotton on feeding apparatus in blowing and scutching room.
spreader (double): as for spreader (single), but performs whole series of operations without assistance.
spreader, spreader machine minder (flax and hemp) ; spreadboard attendant, layer: spreads fibre on one of parallel sections of travelling band which feeds spreading machine; overlaps fibre ends, thus forming continuous ribbon of fibre.
spreader, line: as for spreader (flax and hemp).
spreader (silk) ; lap framer, lapper, lap tenter (silk): converts dressed fringes of spun silk into a continuous rope: pieces fringe ends together, and passes them between rollers, which wind them, in form of a lap, round a drum.
spreader (single): covers a long board with pieces of flax or hemp, each piece overlapping piece before it; holds material thus arranged in position on board, while another spreader draws or attenuates it, forming it into one continuous thread, or sliver.
taker-off, wool: see breaker-off (wool combing).
taker-out, can: see dodger, can.
teaser, hair ; carder (machine, hair curling): feeds carding machine with hair which has been opened by opener ( 362) q.v. and controls carding machine during operation of carding or teasing.
teaser, horse hair: as for teaser, hair.
third bobbin and fly frame tenter: see rover (cotton).
tummer feeder: lays armfuls of wool on feed plate of opener carding machine in manufacture of felt.
wadding maker: passes cotton waste through willowing and carding machines, which open out fibres to form lap; places lap rollers in gumming machine and watches gumming and drying process on creeper or lap conveyor through drying chamber.
waste piecer (wadding mill): minds and feeds machine extracting dirt, hard ends, or other impurities from cotton waste.
weigh box minder (wool): watches weigh box drawing machine, which stops automatically when a certain length of slubbing has been delivered; may guide ends of slubbing into machine and break off slubbing and remove full bobbins at delivery end.
winder, punch: see puncher.
wool feeder, wool fly gatherer ; feeder (wool): puts wool into carding machines, in manufacture of felt for hats.
woollen feeder: see card feeder (wool).

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From: A Dictionary of Occupational Terms Based on the Classification of Occupations used in the Census of Population, 1921,
Ministry of Labour, 1927. Digitised by Peter Christian, August, 2016. This text is in the Public Domain.